The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.